Some paleoanthropologists think the bone fragment pictured at this link was actually part of a flute constructed and played by a neandertal. Some other paleoanthropologists think the idea is absurd. http://users.rcn.com/trouts1/flute/flute_640.jpg Here is an artist's rendition of the theoretical flute: http://users.rcn.com/trouts1/flute/flute_scientific_american.jpg -gts