Unique Identifier
20220892
Authors
Schrezenmeir J. Jagla A.
Institution
Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Dairy
Research Center, Kiel, Germany.
Title
Milk and diabetes. [Review] [132 refs]
Abbreviated Source
J Am Coll Nutr. 19(2 Suppl):176S-190S, 2000 Apr.
Local Messages
CURRENTLY RECEIVED AT SOUTH LIBRARY
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is based on autoimmunity, and its development is in part
determined by environmental factors. Among those, milk intake is discussed
as playing a pathogenic role. Geographical and temporal relations between
type 1 diabetes prevalence and cow's milk consumption have been found in
ecological studies. Several case-control studies found a negative
correlation between frequency and/or duration of breast-feeding and
diabetes, but this was not confirmed by all authors. T-cell and humoral
responses related to cow's milk proteins were suggested to trigger
diabetes. The different findings of studies in animals and humans as well
as the potential underlying mechanisms with regard to single milk proteins
(bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, casein) are discussed in this
review. In contrast to type 1 diabetes, the etiology of type 2 diabetes,
characterized by insulin resistance is still unclear. In a population with
a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the Pima Indians, people who were
exclusively breastfed had significantly lower rates of type 2 diabetes
than those who were exclusively bottlefed. Studies in lactovegetarians
imply that consumption of low fat dairy products is associated with lower
incidence and mortality of diabetes and lower blood pressures. In
contrast, preference for a diet high in animal fat could be a pathogenic
factor, and milk and high fat dairy products contribute considerably to
dietary fat intake. Concerning milk fat composition, the opposite effects
of various fatty acids (saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids,
conjugated linoleic acid) in vitro, in animals and in humans have to be
considered. [References: 132]
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